湖南省湘资沅澧四大流域管网末梢水中重金属的健康风险评价

目的了解湖南省湘资沅澧流域管网末梢水中八种重金属的污染状况,对其产生的健康风险进行评价。方法本研究对2014年湖南省湘、资、沅、澧流域管网末梢水中砷、镉、六价铬、铅、汞、硒、锰、锌(As、Cd、Cr^(6+)、Pb、Hg、Se、Mn、Zn)的含量进行检测,并进行健康风险评价。结果八种重金属在丰水期和枯水期的含量均未超过国标限值。四大流域中,仅湘江流域的As、Cd和丰水期的Cr^(6+),致癌风险稍高于限值,其余的致癌风险值均小于10^(-4),但四种重金属合计致癌风险在丰水期为1.32×10^(-4),枯水期为1.50×10^(-4),稍高于限值10^(-4)。全流域As、Cd、Cr^(6+)、Hg、Se、Mn、Zn的单独及合计非致癌风险在丰水期和枯水期均小于1。重金属所致非致癌风险和致癌风险在不同水期和不同流域差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论湖南省湘资沅澧流域管网末梢水中重金属的联合污染可能对人群产生健康风险,建议相关地区卫生和环保部门重视四大流域内的重金属污染。     

2009—2018年安徽省淮河两岸地区恶性肿瘤死亡率变化趋势

[目的]分析安徽省淮河两岸地区恶性肿瘤死亡率时间变化趋势。[方法]收集安徽省淮河两岸地区5个县区2009—2018年恶性肿瘤死亡数据,标化死亡率采用2000年中国人口普查标准人口进行标化,采用年度变化百分比(APC)分析死亡率时间变化趋势,并用年度变化贡献率分析各个癌种对恶性肿瘤死亡率趋势的贡献大小。[结果]无论性别,2009—2018年安徽省淮河两岸地区恶性肿瘤标化死亡率均呈下降趋势,但年均降幅较小。各癌种变化趋势不尽相同,其中食管癌、胃癌、肝癌下降较为明显,女性乳腺癌和宫颈癌上升明显。女性乳腺癌和宫颈癌APC分别为4.60%和12.45%,对女性恶性肿瘤上升趋势的贡献达85.21%。[结论]去除人口老龄化因素,自2009年以来安徽省淮河两岸地区恶性肿瘤死亡率有所下降,但降幅较小。消化系统恶性肿瘤死亡率呈下降趋势或可归功于癌症早诊早治项目工作的开展。妇女"两癌"防治值得重视。     

The cyclopentenone prostaglandin 15-deoxyΔ12,14-prostaglandin J2 attenuates the development of zymosan-induced shock

Objective Multiple-organ failure (MOF) is defined as the progressive deterioration in function which occurs in several organs or systems in patients with septic shock, multiple trauma, severe burns, or pancreatitis. This study investigated the effect of 15-deoxy-^12,14-PGJ₂ (15d-PGJ₂), a PPAR- ligand, in a model of zymosan-induced nonseptic shock in mice.Materials and methods Mice were randomly assigned to one of four groups (n=10 each) and treated i.p. as follows: group 1, zymosan (500 mg/kg suspended in saline solution) and vehicle (10% DMSO); group 2, zymosan (500 mg/kg suspended in saline solution) plus 15d-PGJ₂ (30 µg/kg, suspended in 10% DMSO) 1 h before and 6 h after zymosan administration; group 3, 15d-PGJ₂ (30 µg/kg, suspended in 10% DMSO; group 4, vehicle for PGJ₂ (10% DMSO) always 1 h before and 6 h after saline administration. After 18 h mice were killed and tissues and biological fluids used for biochemical, immunohistochemical, and histological analysis.Measurements and results 15d-PGJ₂ inhibited the inflammatory response and significantly reduced peritoneal mononuclear cell infiltration and histological injury in mice. A significant protection was demonstrated in kidney, liver, and pancreas injury by the reduction in amylase, lipase, creatinine, AST, ALT, bilirubin, and alkaline phosphatase levels. 15d-PGJ₂ also reduced the appearance of nitrotyrosine in the inflamed intestinal tissues. Histological examination revealed a significant reduction in zymosan-induced intestinal damage in 15d-PGJ₂ treated mice.Conclusions Our findings demonstrate that 15d-PGJ₂ exerts potent anti-inflammatory effects on zymosan-induced shock.Electronic Supplementary Material Electronic supplementary material to this paper can be obtained by using the Springer Link server located at .     

鸭绿江中上游水中细菌种类的研究

目的了解鸭绿江中上游水中细菌的种类。方法采集鸭绿江中上游不同水域的水样,经增菌培养、细菌分离,进行细菌学鉴定。结果从鸭绿江中上游水中分离出细菌387株,其中肠杆菌科细菌149株,弧菌科细菌133株,非发酵菌23株,革兰氏阳性杆菌6株,革兰氏阳性球菌76株。结论鸭绿江中上游水中细菌种类多。本次调查可为该水域细菌感染的防治及控制传染病的暴发流行提供参考。     

2010年珠江广州段至出海口微表层水重金属污染状况监测

目的:了解2010年珠江广州段至出海口微表层水重金属污染状况。方法:从2010年1月开始,每月中旬在珠江流域广州段上、中、下游及出海口处设置24个固定采水点,采集珠江微表层水。用电感耦合等离子质谱(ICP-MS)法测定水样中的砷、镉、铅、铬重金属含量。结果:Cd属轻微检出,As、Pb和Cr虽然整体含量稳定,但特定采样点、特定时间曾同时出现异常高含量。结论:珠江广州段及经广州的出海口微表层水受到以上4种重金属不同程度的污染,防控污染仍是当前刻不容缓的重任。     

Delta阿片受体参与低氧预处理减轻心肺复苏脑损伤的研究

目的研究delta阿片受体(DOR)是否参与了低氧预处理(HPC)对心肺复苏大鼠脑损伤的保护作用。方法 90只大鼠接受为期7d的HPC后,建立大鼠窒息性心肺复苏脑损伤模型,随机均分为五组:心跳停止(CA)组(A组)、HPC+CA组(B组)、Naltrindole(NTI,DOR特异性拮抗药)+CA组(C组)、HPC+人工脑脊液(ACSF)+CA组(D组)及HPC+NTI+CA组(E组)。A组仅建立心肺复苏模型;C组大鼠在窒息前30min经侧脑室注入含50nmolNTI的ACSF10μl;B、D、E组均接受连续7d的HPC,HPC结束后24h,B组大鼠接受气管插管、8min窒息以及心肺复苏;而D组和E组大鼠则在窒息前30min分别经侧脑室注入含0或50nmolNTI的ACSF10μl。观察复苏成功率并对存活大鼠的神经功能缺损进行评分,观察复苏后海马CA1区神经元损伤及凋亡情况。结果 HPC改善心肺复苏脑损伤后的神经功能缺损,抑制早期海马神经元的凋亡,增加海马CA1区存活神经元的数量,而DOR拮抗药Naltrindole明显消除了HPC的神经保护作用。结论在HPC减轻心肺复苏大鼠脑损伤的过程中,DOR发挥着重要作用。     

乙型肝炎病毒感染者血清中丁型肝炎病毒标志物检测分析

目的 了解丁型肝炎病毒(hepatitis delta virus,HDV)感染标志物在乙型肝炎病毒(hepatitis B virus,HBV)感染者中的分布状况并分析其临床意义.方法 收集HBV感染者的临床资料和血清样本,通过酶联免疫分析法检测其血清HBV感染五项指标、HDVAg和Anti-HDV,结合临床诊断和生化指标进行分析.结果 收集HBV感染者样本462例,其中无症状携带者210例,慢性肝炎175例,急性乙肝35例,肝纤维化42例,检出HDV感染率为4.8％,男性显著高于女性,肝纤维化组的HDV感染率最高,为9.5％,其次为慢性肝炎的6.9％,45～60岁人群的HDV感染率为7.8％,显著高于其他年龄段.结论 慢性乙肝和肝纤维化病例的HDV感染显著增高,提示HDV感染与肝病的严重程度相关,建议对肝病患者开展血清HDV感染标志物检查,鉴别是否存在HDV重叠感染.     

Assessment of perchlorate-reducing bacteria in a highly polluted river

A 1-year monitoring experiment of the Sarno River basin was conducted during 2008 to evaluate the overall quality of the water over time and to compare the results with those obtained previously. The physico-chemical and microbiological characteristics of the water course had not changed appreciably with respect to previous determinations, thus emphasizing the major contribution of untreated urban wastewater to the overall pollution of the river. Moreover, attention was paid to the perchlorate ion, one of the so-called emerging contaminants, which is widespread in natural environments and is known to have adverse effects on the human thyroid gland. Over the entire monitoring program, we did not find appreciable levels of perchlorate, although the particular environmental condition could support its development. Thus, a dedicated study was designed to assess the presence of bacteria that can reasonably reduce perchlorate levels. By enrichment and molecular procedures, we identified α- and β-Proteobacteria strains, classified by 16S rDNA sequences as Dechlorospirillum sp. and Dechlorosoma sp., respectively. Further physiologic characterization and the presence of the alpha subunit gene (pcrA) of the perchlorate reductase in both strains confirmed the presence in the river of viable and active perchlorate dissimilatory bacteria.     

黄河水水质现状分析及对策

目的:掌握黄河水源宁夏惠农段污染现状和目前自来水水质现状。方法:对惠农地区黄河水和自来水进行采样分析。结果:水质综合合格率达91 . 9%。结论:提高水质综合合格率必须加强水源防护。     

Importance of delta opioid receptors in maintaining high alcohol drinking

We have previously reported that naloxone, a nonspecific opioid receptor antagonist, suppresses alcohol but not water consumption by male rats that have been genetically selected for high voluntary alcohol drinking. However, the identity of the specific opioid receptor subtype that may mediate alcohol drinking is not known. This paper reports that a selective delta opioid receptor antagonist is as effective as naloxone in suppressing alcohol consumption and that an enkephalinase inhibitor, which potentiates the action of endogenous enkephalins, increases alcohol intake. These results suggest that alcohol-induced activation of the endogenous enkephalinergic system, and occupation of delta opioid receptors, are involved in the maintenance of continued alcohol drinking.